FrequentBrain

Robert Irving Burns Property Consultants

2006-11-22T09:10:00.000-08:00

Robert Irving Burns has been established for over 40 years and is an independent partnership, who specialise in a full range of property services. These include commercial property
and commercial offices as well as property to let london. Whilst my business partner and I were looking for Offices, we found Rib’s expertise invaluable.

Rotimi, Ola

2005-03-27T04:45:00.000-08:00

Rotimi was born to an Ijaw mother and a Yoruba father, and cultural diversity was a frequent theme in his work. Educated in Nigeria in Port Harcourt and Lagos, he traveled to the United States in 1959 to study at Boston University. After receiving a B.A. in fine arts in 1963, he attended the Yale School

Biblical Literature, Form criticism

2005-03-26T10:23:00.000-08:00

In the Pauline writings, as noted above, gospel, kerygma, and creed come close together from oral to written formulas that were transmitted about the Christ event: Jesus' death and Resurrection. In the apostolic Fathers (early 2nd century), the transition was made from oral to written tradition; the translation of the presumed Aramaic traditions had taken place before

Dumuzi-abzu

2005-03-24T07:31:00.000-08:00

In Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian deity, city goddess of Kinirsha near Lagash in the southeastern marshland region. She represented the power of fertility and new life in the marshes. Dumuzi-Abzu corresponded to the Sumerian god Dumuzi of the central steppe area, and thus around Eridu she was viewed as male and as son of Enki (Akkadian: Ea, also called the Lord of

Encyclopedia Americana, The

2005-03-22T18:46:00.000-08:00

First published in 1829–33, with subsequent editions in 1911 (20 volumes) and 1918–20 (30 volumes), and thereafter continuously revised, Americana is international in scope and is known for its

Essex

2005-03-19T05:12:00.000-08:00

One of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England; i.e., that of the East Saxons. An area of early settlement, it probably originally included the territory of the modern county of Middlesex; London was its chief town. Essex sometimes had joint kings, and from 664 they were subject to the rulers of the midland kingdom of Mercia. From 825 Essex was controlled by Wessex, first as a subkingdom

North American Desert, Plant life

2005-03-18T17:08:00.000-08:00

In the North American Desert, available moisture is the most critical factor for life. Local environmental factors also are significant in determining the nature of desert plant communities and their dependent animal life (see video). Most desert plants are xerophytes (plants adapted to arid conditions) or phraetophytes (plants dependent on a permanent water

Carlow

2005-03-18T16:25:00.000-08:00

Irish Ceatharlach urban district and county seat, County Carlow, Ireland, on the left bank of the River Barrow. An Anglo-Norman stronghold, the town received charters of incorporation in the 13th and 17th centuries. The keep (innermost citadel) of a 13th-century stronghold remains at the confluence of the Barrow and Burren rivers. Local industries include sugar-beet and flour processing and

Syvash

2005-03-17T20:20:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Sivash, or Sivaš, Russian Gniloye More (“Putrid Sea”), system of shallow inlets of the Sea of Azov that penetrate the northern and eastern coasts of the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine. Syvash is an area of marshy inlets and coves on the western margin of the Sea of Azov, from which it is separated by the Arabat Spit, a sandbar measuring from 900 feet to 5 miles (270 m to 8 km) in width. Syvash covers an area of approximately 990 square

Cadence

2005-03-15T19:00:00.000-08:00

In music, formula signifying the end of a phrase or half-phrase, section, or entire composition. The concept of cadence implies broadly acknowledged conventions, especially of a harmonic nature, conveying a sense of relative completion, analogous to the use of punctuation in literature. The term derives from the Latin word cadere (“to fall”) and originally referred

Patel, Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai

2005-03-15T15:30:00.000-08:00

Byname Sardar Patel (Hindi: “Leader Patel”) Indian barrister and statesman, one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress during the struggle for Indian independence. During the first three years of Indian independence after 1947, he served as deputy prime minister, minister of home affairs, minister of information, and minister of states.

Allergy

2005-03-14T23:05:00.000-08:00

Antigens that provoke an allergic reaction are called allergens. Typical allergens include pollens, drugs, lints, bacteria, foods, and dyes or chemicals. The immune system contains several mechanisms

Lettow-vorbeck, Paul Von

2005-03-12T21:58:00.000-08:00

A member of the South West Colonial

Yakushi-ji

2005-03-11T17:35:00.000-08:00

Temple complex dedicated to Yakushi, the Healing Buddha, in Nara, Japan. It was established about 690 outside Nara, and in 718 it was refounded within the city. The only one of the original buildings to have survived is the three-storied eastern pagoda, which is one of the finest examples of religious architecture of the Nara period (AD 710–784). Yakushi-ji has many treasures of Japanese

Epistemology, Knowledge and certainty

2005-03-11T06:13:00.000-08:00

The relationship between knowledge and certainty is complex, and there is considerable disagreement about the matter. Are these concepts the same? If not, how do they differ? Is it possible for someone to know that p without being certain that p? Is it possible for someone to be certain that p without knowing that p? These are the central issues around which the debate

Sun Company, Inc.

2005-03-09T14:42:00.000-08:00

The company was incorporated in 1971 as the successor to a New Jersey oil and gas business incorporated in 1901. The earlier company had been formed as the Sun Oil Company of Ohio in 1886. In 1975 the Sun Company was restructured into 14 separate business units to provide flexibility in expanding

I-lan

2005-03-09T09:31:00.000-08:00

Shih (municipality) and seat of I-lan hsien (county), northeastern Taiwan, the centre of the only sizable alluvial basin on the island's mountainous eastern coast. The basin itself was largely formed as the delta of the Cho-Shui River and is about 30 miles (50 km) from north to south. I-lan city lies in the centre of this plain on the Lan River. The plain is a fertile rice-producing region,

Xavier University

2005-03-08T21:05:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. The university comprises colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, and Social Sciences. In addition to undergraduate studies, Xavier offers about 25 master's degree programs, notably in the fields of education

Anglo-norman Literature

2005-03-06T16:29:00.000-08:00

In the 12th century the oldest substantial Anglo-Norman prose work, “The Book of Kings,” was written in England, as were many versions of the Psalter. Sanson de Nanteuil translated into verse the proverbs of Solomon, with commentary; and in the 13th century Robert of Greatham wrote the “Sunday Gospels” for a noble lady. The same century saw the beginning of the magnificent series

Pueblo Pottery

2005-03-06T05:38:00.000-08:00

One of the most highly developed of the American Indian arts, still produced today in a manner almost identical to the method developed during the Classic Pueblo period about AD 1050–1300. During the five previous centuries when the Pueblo Indians became sedentary, they stopped using baskets for carrying and began to manufacture and use clay pots, which had been cumbersome,

Gobineau, Joseph-arthur, Comte De

2005-03-05T18:15:00.000-08:00

Gobineau was a member of an aristocratic royalist family. He went to Paris in 1835, held a succession of minor clerical

Argyll And Bute

2005-03-03T06:51:00.000-08:00

Council area, western Scotland, extending from the southwestern Grampian Mountains into the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and North Channel in ragged peninsulas indented and separated by deepwater lochs (sea inlets). Freshwater lochs (lakes) dot the inland areas. It includes many islands of the Inner Hebrides—notably Mull, Islay, and Jura. The council area incorporates

Epistemology, The other-minds problem

2005-03-01T14:44:00.000-08:00

The second problem also involves seeing but in a somewhat unusual way. It deals with that which one cannot see, namely the mind of another. Suppose a woman is scheduled to have an operation on her right knee and her surgeon tells her that when she wakes up she will feel a sharp pain in her knee. When she wakes up, she does feel the pain the surgeon alluded to. He can hear her groaning

Fragonard, Jean-honoré

2005-03-01T02:23:00.000-08:00

Fragonard was the son of a haberdasher's assistant. The family moved to Paris about 1738, and in 1747 the boy was apprenticed to a lawyer, who, noticing his appetite for drawing, suggested that he be taught painting. François Boucher was prevailed

Malanggan Style

2005-02-27T03:15:00.000-08:00

Malanggan carvings take the form of friezes, masks, and sculpture,

Afghanistan, Urban settlement

2005-02-26T20:06:00.000-08:00

Most urban settlements have grown along the road that runs from Kabul southwestward to Kandahar, then northwest to Herat, northeast to Mazar-e Sharif, and southeast back to Kabul. The rural population of farmers and nomads is distributed unevenly over the rest of the country, mainly concentrated along the rivers. The most heavily populated part of the country is between

Christie, Julie

2005-02-26T20:00:00.000-08:00

Christie was born on her father's Indian tea plantation but was educated in England and France. She studied acting at London's Central School for

Earth

2005-02-25T09:52:00.000-08:00

Helical fluid motions in the Earth's electrically conducting liquid outer core have an electromagnetic dynamo effect, giving rise to the Earth's magnetic field. The Earth's sizable, hot core, along with the planet's rapid spin, probably accounts for the exceptional strength of the magnetic field of the Earth as compared with those of the other terrestrial

Puerto Vallarta

2005-02-24T05:04:00.000-08:00

Formerly Las Peñas, city, western Jalisco estado (“state”), west-central Mexico. It lies on Banderas Bay, on the Pacific coastal lowland, 6 miles (10 km) south of the mouth of the Ameca River. It is the major port of Jalisco state and exports bananas, coconut oil, hides, and fine woods. Beans and bananas are grown in the hinterland, which is also used for raising pigs, horses, and bees. Puerto Vallarta's population

Madagascar, Settlement patterns

2005-02-23T11:02:00.000-08:00

Despite the importance of intensive rice cultivation, the land is used primarily for pastoral purposes. Cattle are kept in all parts of the island. Fewer are found in the dense forest areas of the eastern escarpment, but elsewhere pastoralism predominates, most often coexisting with the cultivation of subsistence crops. On the plateau, the valley floors and irrigable

Salem

2005-02-22T06:02:00.000-08:00

County, southwestern New Jersey, U.S. It comprises a coastal lowland bounded by Delaware to the west (the Delaware River constituting the border), Oldmans Creek to the north, the Maurice River to the southeast, and Stow Creek to the southwest. The county is connected to Wilmington, Del., by way of the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Other waterways are the Salem and Cohansey rivers

North Little Rock

2005-02-21T08:26:00.000-08:00

City, Pulaski county, central Arkansas, U.S., on the Arkansas River opposite Little Rock. It was settled in 1812 as De Cantillon, became Huntersville in 1853, and was later renamed Argenta for the Hotel Argenta, built there in the late 1850s. The community developed after the arrival of the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad in 1853 and later became the site of the freight classification yards

Kamen-na-obi

2005-02-19T08:01:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Kamensky rayon (sector), Altay kray (region), south-central Russia. A port on the Ob River, it was founded in 1670 and designated an urban settlement in 1915 and became a city in 1925. Its economic base is the food-processing industry; other factories produce bricks and furniture. Teacher-training and veterinary colleges are located in the city. Pop. (1993 est.)

Islamic World, The second fitnah

2005-02-18T16:25:00.000-08:00

The second fitnah followed Mu'awiyah's caliphate (661–680), which itself was not free from strife, and coincided with the caliphates of Mu'awiyah's son Yazid I (ruled 680–683), whom he designated as successor, and Yazid's three successors. This fitnah was a second-generation reprise of the first; some of the personnel of the former were descendants or relatives of the leaders of the latter. Once

Kagwa, Sir Apolo

2005-02-17T17:50:00.000-08:00

A devout Anglican, Kagwa was a leader of the Protestant faction in the civil wars of the Ganda people (1888–92). He became katikiro when King Mwanga returned to the throne in 1890 and grew increasingly powerful

Paphlagonia

2005-02-17T00:36:00.000-08:00

Ancient district of Anatolia adjoining the Black Sea, bounded by Bithynia in the west, Pontus in the east, and Galatia in the south. The Paphlagonians were one of the most ancient peoples of Anatolia. Passing under the rule of Lydia and Persia, they submitted to Alexander the Great (333 BC), after which they enjoyed a measure of independence. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC Paphlagonia

Sanger, Margaret

2005-02-16T04:52:00.000-08:00

The sixth of 11 children, she attended Claverack College and then took nurse's training in New York at the White Plains Hospital and the Manhattan Eye and Ear Clinic. She was married

Arts, East Asian, Kabuki theatre

2005-02-15T04:01:00.000-08:00

The nagauta form of lyric music, like most of the other narrative forms, began with a close relation to the kabuki popular theatre of the Tokugawa period. The first kabuki performances used instruments (hayashi) from the no drama. Because kabuki was related to the flourishing demimonde of the major cities, however, the music of the party houses and brothels was soon added

Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty Of

2005-02-14T08:26:00.000-08:00

(Feb. 2, 1848), treaty between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican War. It was signed at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. The treaty drew the boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River; for a payment of $15,000,000 the United States received more than 525,000 square miles (1,360,000 square km) of land (now Arizona,

Arts, Central Asian, Folk music

2005-02-13T06:49:00.000-08:00

Generally characterized by a scarcity of musicians and musical instruments, folk music of this region is predominantly a matter of solo playing and singing, small ensembles, and a complete lack of musical notation or codified musical theory. In their general types, the musical instruments are closely related to those of Persia and the Middle East, but specific

Argentina, Industry

2005-02-11T00:22:00.000-08:00

Manufacturing, which accounts for one-fifth of the GDP and nearly one-sixth of the workforce, is the mainstay of the Argentine economy.

Gobelin Family,

2005-02-10T17:34:00.000-08:00

Who ran a factory in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel just southeast of Paris, discovered a scarlet dyestuff and spared no expense to exploit his creation. His descendants seem to have given up dyeing by the end of the 16th century; some of them bought titles of nobility

Hinduism, Folk and tribal myths

2005-02-10T14:17:00.000-08:00

There is a great diversity in folk mythology throughout the entire Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, but these myths have neither been fully collected nor systematically studied. Among locally important deities, Manasa, a snake goddess, worshiped in Assam and Bengal to ward off snakebites and secure prosperity, has an enormous mythology of her own. In South India one

Philipp, Isidor

2005-02-08T18:08:00.000-08:00

Philipp was brought to Paris as an infant. As a piano student of Georges Mathias at the Conservatoire, he won the first prize in 1883. After study with Saint-Saëns and Stephen Heller, he began a brief solo concert career, making his London debut in 1890. From 1903 to 1934 he was professor

West Chester University Of Pennsylvania

2005-02-08T02:16:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of Pennsylvania's State System of Higher Education. The university comprises the College of Arts and Sciences and schools of Education, Health Sciences, Music, and Business and Public Affairs. In addition to undergraduate studies, West Chester offers some 70 master's

To' Janggut

2005-02-07T02:51:00.000-08:00

Muhammad Hasan, known as To' Janggut because of his long white beard, was a peasant farmer and an itinerant rice trader in

Maurice

2005-02-05T23:55:00.000-08:00

Maurice succeeded his father, Duke Henry of Saxony, in 1541. Although a Protestant, he aided the Roman Catholic emperor Charles V against

Austria, The accession of the Habsburgs

2005-02-04T22:33:00.000-08:00

As the German princes had not cared to give Rudolf adequate support against Otakar, he did not feel bound to them and set out to acquire the former Babenberg lands for his own house. In 1281 he made his eldest son, Albert (later Albert I, king of Germany), governor of Austria and Styria; on Christmas, 1282, he invested his two sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with Austria, Styria, and Carniola,

Kahr, Gustav, Ritter Von

2005-02-04T15:19:00.000-08:00

Kahr was appointed provincial governor of Upper Bavaria in 1917. Shortly after the abortive Kapp Putsch against the Weimar Republic in March 1920, Kahr

Pietas

2005-02-01T04:05:00.000-08:00

In Roman religion, personification of a respectful and faithful attachment to gods, country, and relatives, especially parents. Pietas had a temple at Rome, dedicated in 181 BC, and was often represented on coins as a female figure carrying a palm branch and a sceptre or as a matron casting incense upon an altar, sometimes accompanied by a stork, the symbol of filial piety.

Caryophyllales, Distribution

2005-01-31T00:47:00.000-08:00

The most striking single ecological feature in the order is the dominance of the Chenopodiaceae in alkaline situations and the prominence of succulent Aizoaceae in the deserts of southern Africa. The other members of the order occur in any of several types of habitat, but in general none is conspicuous. Even the Aizoaceae in the southern African deserts are not

Alanine

2005-01-30T23:16:00.000-08:00

Either of two amino acids, one of which (a-alanine) is a constituent of proteins. An especially rich source of a-alanine is silk fibroin, from which the amino acid was first isolated in 1879. Alanine is one of several so-called nonessential amino acids for birds and mammals; i.e., they can synthesize it from pyruvic acid (formed in the breakdown of carbohydrates) and do not require

Nove Ware

2005-01-29T05:31:00.000-08:00

Primarily majolica, or tin-glazed earthenware, made in Nove, Italy, in the 18th century. The factory was founded by Giovanni Battista Antonibon in 1728, and in the latter part of the century it had connections with a factory in nearby Bassano, where majolica had been made two centuries earlier. Most Nove ware was in the prevalent Rococo style. From 1752 the factory also produced a

Chu Yi-tsun

2005-01-27T18:52:00.000-08:00

The turmoil attending the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644 and the subsequent Ch'ing conquest prevented Chu from capitalizing upon his family's political prominence under the Ming, forcing him to spend much of his life as a private tutor and personal secretary

Arensky, Anton

2005-01-27T07:37:00.000-08:00

Although he was a composition student under Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Arensky's work was more akin to that of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky; the predominant moods of his music are lyrical and elegiac. Of his three

Alfonso I

2005-01-26T11:25:00.000-08:00

Alfonso was the son of Sancho V Ramírez. He was persuaded by Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile to marry the latter's heiress, Urraca, widow of Raymond of Burgundy. In consequence, when Alfonso VI died (1109) the four Christian kingdoms were nominally united and Alfonso I took his father-in-law's imperial title. The union failed, however,

Spahi

2005-01-24T05:57:00.000-08:00

Feudal cavalryman of the Ottoman Empire whose status resembled that of the medieval European knight. The spahi (from Persian for “cavalryman”) was holder of a fief (timar; Turkish: timar) granted directly by the Ottoman sultan and was entitled to all of the income from it in return for military service. The peasants on the land were subsequently attached to the land and

Novi Sad

2005-01-22T19:52:00.000-08:00

German Neusatz, Hungarian Újvidék, city and administrative capital of the ethnically mixed autonomous region of Vojvodina, Serbia, Yugoslavia. It is a transit port on the heavily trafficked Danube River northwest of Belgrade and is also situated on the Belgrade-Budapest rail line. The Backa canal system connects with the Danube at Novi Sad, which is the economic and cultural focus for northern Vojvodina.

Peru-chile Trench

2005-01-21T13:02:00.000-08:00

The Peru-Chile Trench marks the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate

Thomas, Albert

2005-01-20T13:11:00.000-08:00

Thomas graduated from the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he won scholarships that enabled him to do research in Russia, Germany, and the eastern Mediterranean on the

Arabian Desert, Geology

2005-01-20T09:02:00.000-08:00

The Arabian Desert consists of two major regions. The first, the ancient Arabian platform (a segment of the African Shield) is in the west; composed mainly of Precambrian gneiss dated to between 2.6 billion and roughly 543 million years ago, it was assembled roughly 900 to 543 million years ago. The second region, in the east, comprises sedimentary rock layers deposited over the past

Einstein's Massenergy Relation

2005-01-18T20:00:00.000-08:00

In physical theories prior to that of special relativity, mass and energy were viewed as distinct entities. Furthermore, the energy of a body at rest could be assigned an arbitrary

Ammons, A.r.

2005-01-18T04:07:00.000-08:00

A 1949 graduate of Wake Forest College (now University), Ammons worked as an elementary school principal and as a glass company executive before turning his full attention to literature. From 1964 to 1998 he taught

Bottle Tree

2005-01-17T17:56:00.000-08:00

Any of various trees of the genus Brachychiton, within the cacao, or chocolate, family (Sterculiaceae), native to Australia. They grow to a height of 18 m (60 feet). They are cultivated in other warm regions as ornamentals. The name refers to the peculiar shape of the trunk.

Eusebius Of Caesarea

2005-01-16T05:07:00.000-08:00

Eusebius was baptized and ordained at Caesarea, where he was taught by the learned presbyter Pamphilus, to whom he was bound by ties of respect and affection

Tequila

2005-01-14T15:03:00.000-08:00

Distilled liquor, usually clear in colour and unaged, that is made from the fermented juice of the Mexican agave plant, specifically several varieties of Agave tequilana Weber. Tequila contains 40–50 percent alcohol (80–100 U.S. proof). The beverage, which was developed soon after the Spaniards introduced distillation to Mexico, is named for the town of Tequila in the Mexican state

Sweetsop

2005-01-14T03:24:00.000-08:00

Also called Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa), small tree or shrub of the custard apple, or Annonaceae, family. It has thin, oblong ovate leaves, solitary greenish flowers, and a yellowish green fruit resembling a shortened pinecone. The tuberculate fruit, the fusion of many ripened ovaries and the receptacle, is 7.5 to 10 cm (3 to 4 inches) in diameter and contains a sweet, creamy-yellow, custardlike

Alemanni

2005-01-13T00:57:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alamanni, or Alamani, a Germanic people first mentioned in connection with the Roman attack on them in AD 213. In the following decades, their pressure on the Roman provinces became severe; they occupied the Agri Decumates c. 260, and late in the 5th century they expanded into Alsace and northern Switzerland, establishing the German language in those regions. In 496 they were conquered by Clovis and incorporated

Bridges, Harry

2005-01-11T21:44:00.000-08:00

Bridges left home to become a maritime seaman at the age of 16 and in 1920 legally entered the United States, where he worked as a seaman and dockworker

Reproductive System, Animal, Sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, and aschelminths

2005-01-11T05:47:00.000-08:00

Sponges are at a cellular level of organization and thus do not have organs or even well-developed tissues; nevertheless, they produce sperm and eggs and also reproduce asexually. Some species of sponge are monoecious, others are dioecious. Sperm and eggs are formed by aggregations of cells called amoebocytes in the body wall; these are not considered gonads because

World War I, The Turkish entry

2005-01-10T03:39:00.000-08:00

The entry of Turkey (or the Ottoman Empire, as it was then called) into the war as a German ally was the one great success of German wartime diplomacy. Since 1909 Turkey had been under the control of the Young Turks, over whom Germany had skillfully gained a dominating influence. German military instructors permeated the Turkish Army, and Enver Pasa, the leader of the Young Turks,

Durão, José De Santa Rita

2005-01-08T17:00:00.000-08:00

After an education at the Jesuit college in Rio de Janeiro, Durão obtained the degree of doctor of theology (1756) at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Two years later he entered the Gratian convent

Ibn Jubayr

2005-01-08T03:48:00.000-08:00

The son of a civil servant, Ibn Jubayr became secretary to the Almohad governor of Granada, but he left that post for his pilgrimage, which was begun in 1183 and ended with his return to Granada in 1185. He wrote

Great Bear Lake

2005-01-07T10:50:00.000-08:00

Johansson, Lars

2005-01-05T22:36:00.000-08:00

Early orphaned, Johansson was reared by an uncle and educated both in Sweden and abroad. He returned to Sweden and became known as a writer of funeral elegies and epithalamiums. His most personal poems are drinking songs and

Rybinsk Reservoir

2005-01-04T17:54:00.000-08:00

Russian Rybinskoye Vodokhranilishche, large artificial body of water on the upper Volga River, northwestern Russia, formed by two dams on the Volga and its tributary, the Sheksna. The project began in 1935, the artificial lake began to form in 1941, and, when the project was completed in 1947, a lake of 1,768 square miles (4,580 square km) in area, a maximum width of 37 miles (60 km), and an average depth of 18 feet (5.6 m) had been formed. At that time, the Rybinsk

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl Of Beaconsfield, Viscount Hughenden Of Hughenden

2005-01-03T22:04:00.000-08:00

Byname Dizzy British statesman and novelist who was twice prime minister (1868, 1874–80) and who provided the Conservative Party with a twofold policy of Tory democracy and imperialism.

Audley (of Walden), Thomas Audley, Baron

2005-01-02T06:01:00.000-08:00

Trained in law, Audley rose in politics to become speaker of the House of Commons in 1529. Because

Ribble Valley

2004-12-31T03:10:00.000-08:00

Borough (district), administrative county of Lancashire, northwestern England, along the county's eastern border, extending into the western Pennine uplands. The southern part of the borough, including the lower Ribble valley and the two largest towns, Clitheroe and Longridge, lies in the historic county of Lancashire. The remainder of the mostly rural borough, including

'atasi, Hashim Al-

2004-12-30T18:49:00.000-08:00

An official in the Ottoman administration of Syria in his early life, 'Atasi became a member of the Syrian Congress in 1919. The next year the Congress proclaimed Greater Syria an independent constitutional monarchy. As one of the nationalist leaders opposing the French occupation and mandate in

Water Rat

2004-12-30T04:12:00.000-08:00

Any of 18 species of amphibious carnivorous rodents. They exhibit many adaptations associated with hunting in water for food and burrowing along streams, rivers, and lakes. The eyes are small, the nostrils can be closed to keep water out, and the external portion of the ears is either small and furry or absent. Highly sensitive whiskers are abundant on the fleshy blunt

Rupert, Prince

2004-12-29T22:39:00.000-08:00

Rupert's father was Frederick V, elector Palatine and king

Gujarat, Government

2004-12-28T22:47:00.000-08:00

The High Court is the highest judicial authority in the state. There are also city courts, the courts

Yiddish Literature, The classic writers

2004-12-26T23:20:00.000-08:00

The most important period in Yiddish literature began in 1864, with the publication of S.Y. (Sholem Yankev) Abramovitsh's Dos kleyne mentshele (“The Little Man,” Eng. trans. The Parasite). Abramovitsh wrote his most important works while residing in Berdychev (now Berdychiv), Zhitomir (now Zhytomyr), and Odessa (all now in Ukraine). He was influenced by the Haskala during the 1850s and began

Per Ramessu

2004-12-26T22:59:00.000-08:00

Probably founded in the Old Kingdom, the city was overrun by Palestinian peoples in about 1700 BC and became the Hyksos capital about 1530 BC. Sacked by the victorious pharaoh Ahmose about 1521 BC, it

Yiddish Literature, The classic writers

2004-12-25T15:14:00.000-08:00

Negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union that were aimed at curtailing the manufacture of strategic missiles capable of carrying nuclear weapons. The first agreements, known as SALT I and SALT II, were signed by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1972 and 1979, respectively, and were intended to restrain the arms race in strategic

Gulf Stream

2004-12-24T01:25:00.000-08:00

The Gulf Stream is part of a general

Maso Di Banco

2004-12-23T03:11:00.000-08:00

Florentine painter who was the most talented of Giotto's pupils. Maso's work displays a style that effectively and intelligently incorporated the teachings of the master. It was the work of Maso that Ghiberti singled out in the 15th century for praise. Maso is mentioned in connection with the Bardi family in a document of 1341. It was a member of this family that provided

Thomas, Ambrose

2004-12-22T21:10:00.000-08:00

Thomas attended the Paris Conservatory, concluding his studies by winning the Prix de Rome in 1832 for his cantata Hermann et Ketty. Upon his return from Rome in 1835 he launched himself on a career as an opera composer and began teaching at the conservatory

Teda Language

2004-12-20T08:50:00.000-08:00

Language spoken in Chad, Niger, and Libya. It is closely related to the Kanuri, Zaghawa, and Berti languages and belongs to the Saharan group of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages. Teda has northern and southern groups, and the term Teda is sometimes used for the northern grouping only, with Daza (Dasa), especially in French literature, the term for the southern. In an earlier

Sculpture, Western, The Orientalizing period

2004-12-20T03:32:00.000-08:00

Sculpture of the Orientalizing period was profoundly affected by technical and stylistic influences from the East. In about 700 BC, the Greeks learned from their Eastern neighbours how to use molds to mass-produce clay relief plaques. Widely adopted, this technique helped to establish in Greece a stereotyped convention for figure representation, even in freestanding,

Halepa, Pact Of

2004-12-18T22:08:00.000-08:00

Also called Treaty Of Halepa, Halepa also spelled Khalépa, convention signed in October 1878 at Khalépa, a suburb of Canea, by which the Turkish sultan Abdülhamid II (ruled 1876–1909) granted a large degree of self-government to Greeks in Crete as a means to quell their insurrection against Turkish overlords. It supplemented previous concessions to the Cretans—e.g., the Organic Law Constitution (1868) and the Cyprus Convention (July 4, 1878), which had been

Riverina

2004-12-17T20:30:00.000-08:00

Predominantly rural region, south-central New South Wales, Australia. Occupying 26,509 square miles (68,658 square km), it is bounded on the north and northwest by the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers, on the south by the Murray River, and on the east by an imaginary line connecting the towns of Condobolin, Junee, and Albury. Most of the Riverina comprises level alluvial plains laced

Acupuncture

2004-12-16T05:18:00.000-08:00

Acupuncture grew out

Ashley, William Henry

2004-12-15T11:46:00.000-08:00

Having arrived in Missouri sometime after 1802, Ashley prospered in mining, gunpowder manufacture, surveying, and land speculation.

Epimenides

2004-12-14T05:54:00.000-08:00

Cretan seer, reputed author of religious and poetical writings. He conducted purificatory rites at Athens about 500 BC according to Plato (about 600 according to Aristotle). All surviving fragments, including a line quoted by St. Paul (Titus 1:12), are attributable to other sources. Stories of his advanced age (157 or 299 years), his miraculous sleep of 57 years, and his wanderings outside

Manasseh

2004-12-13T14:43:00.000-08:00

After the Exodus from Egypt and the death of Moses, the Israelites entered the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua, who assigned a territory to each of the 12 tribes. The tribe of Manasseh settled in central

Saxhorn

2004-12-12T14:17:00.000-08:00

Any of a family of brass wind instruments patented by the Belgian instrument-maker Antoine-Joseph Sax, known as Adolphe Sax, in Paris in 1845. Saxhorns, one of many 19th-century developments from the valved bugle, provided military bands with a homogeneous series of valved brass in place of the miscellany of valved instruments that had come into use since 1825 (such as flügelhorns,

Kabba

2004-12-12T05:58:00.000-08:00

Town, Kogi state, south-central Nigeria, in the Yoruba Hills (elevation 1,300 feet [400 m]). It lies near the Osse River, at the intersection of roads from Lokoja, Okene, Ikare, Ado-Ekiti, and Egbe. Kabba is a trade centre for the yams, cassava, corn (maize), sorghum, shea nuts, peanuts (groundnuts), beans, cotton, and woven cloth produced by the Yoruba, Igbira, and Bunu (Kabba) peoples of the surrounding

Greenville

2004-12-11T15:16:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1809) of Darke county, western Ohio, U.S., on Greenville Creek, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Dayton. Laid out in 1808, it was the site of Fort Greenville, named for General Nathanael Greene and built by General “Mad” Anthony Wayne (1793). After his victory at Fallen Timbers (near the present site of Toledo), Wayne signed a peace treaty at the fort with Indians (1795) that opened the Northwest Territory